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Message-ID: <25b1011b-b2c4-4f5c-8e83-694c59ee29eb@mabe.berlin>
Date: Tue, 4 Feb 2025 20:14:07 +0100
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Subject: Re: [PHP-DEV] Pattern matching details questions
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From: Marc Bennewitz <marc@mabe.berlin>
To: internals@lists.php.net
Message-ID: <25b1011b-b2c4-4f5c-8e83-694c59ee29eb@mabe.berlin>
Subject: Re: [PHP-DEV] Pattern matching details questions
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    <p><br>
    </p>
    <div class=3D"moz-cite-prefix">On 04.02.25 08:51, Rob Landers wrote:<=
br>
    </div>
    <blockquote type=3D"cite"
      cite=3D"mid:da29a750-9d34-428b-8356-8eedd629af0c@app.fastmail.com">=

      <meta http-equiv=3D"content-type" content=3D"text/html; charset=3DU=
TF-8">
      <title></title>
      <style type=3D"text/css">p.MsoNormal,p.MsoNoSpacing{margin:0}</styl=
e>
      <div><br>
      </div>
      <div><br>
      </div>
      <div>On Tue, Feb 4, 2025, at 05:31, Larry Garfield wrote:<br>
      </div>
      <blockquote type=3D"cite" id=3D"qt" style=3D"">
        <div>Hi folks.=C2=A0 Ilija is still working on the implementation=
 for
          the pattern matching RFC, which we want to complete before
          proposing it officially in case we run into implementation
          challenges.<br>
        </div>
        <div><br>
        </div>
        <div>Such as these, on which we'd like feedback on how to
          proceed.<br>
        </div>
        <div><br>
        </div>
        <div>## Object property patterns<br>
        </div>
        <div><br>
        </div>
        <div>Consider this code snippet:<br>
        </div>
        <div><br>
        </div>
        <div>class C {<br>
        </div>
        <div>=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0 public $prop =3D 42 is Foo{};<br>
        </div>
        <div>}<br>
        </div>
        <div><br>
        </div>
        <div>The parser could interpret this in multiple ways:<br>
        </div>
        <div><br>
        </div>
        <div>* make a public property named $prop, with default value of
          "the result of `42 is Foo`" (which would be false), and then
          has an=C2=A0 empty (and therefore invalid) property hook block<=
br>
        </div>
        <div>* make a public property named $prop, with default value of
          "whatever the result of `42 is Foo {}`" (which would be
          false).<br>
        </div>
        <div><br>
        </div>
        <div>Since the parser doesn't allow for ambiguity, this is not
          workable.=C2=A0 Because PHP uses only an LL(1) parser, there's =
no
          way to "determine from context" which is intended, eg, by
          saying "well the hook block is empty so it must have been part
          of the pattern before it."<br>
        </div>
        <div><br>
        </div>
        <div>In practice, no one should be writing code like the above,
          as it's needlessly nonsensical (it's statically false in all
          cases), but the parser doesn't know that.<br>
        </div>
        <div><br>
        </div>
        <div>The only solution we've come up with is to not have object
          patterns, but have a property list pattern that can be
          compounded with a type pattern.=C2=A0 Eg:<br>
        </div>
        <div><br>
        </div>
        <div>$p is Point &amp; {x: 5}<br>
        </div>
        <div><br>
        </div>
        <div>Instead of what we have now:<br>
        </div>
        <div><br>
        </div>
        <div>$p is Point{x: 5}<br>
        </div>
        <div><br>
        </div>
        <div>Ilija says this will resolve the parsing issue.=C2=A0 It wou=
ld
          also make it possible to match `$p is {x: 5}`, which would not
          check the type of $p at all, just that it's an object with an
          $x property with value 5.=C2=A0 That is arguably a useful featu=
re
          in some cases, but does make the common case (matching type
          and properties) considerably more clunky.<br>
        </div>
        <div><br>
        </div>
        <div>So, questions:<br>
        </div>
        <div><br>
        </div>
        <div>1. Would splitting the object pattern like that be
          acceptable?<br>
        </div>
        <div>2. Does someone have a really good alternate suggestion
          that wouldn't confuse the parser?<br>
        </div>
        <div><br>
        </div>
        <div>## Variable binding and pinning<br>
        </div>
        <div><br>
        </div>
        <div>Previously there was much discussion about the syntax we
          wanted for these features.=C2=A0 In particular, variable bindin=
g
          means "pull a sub-value out of the matched value to its own
          variable, if the pattern matches."=C2=A0 Variable pinning means=

          "use some already-existing variable here to dynamically form
          the pattern."=C2=A0 Naturally, these cannot both just be a vari=
able
          name on their own, as that would be confusing (both for users
          and the engine).<br>
        </div>
        <div><br>
        </div>
        <div>For example:<br>
        </div>
        <div><br>
        </div>
        <div>$b =3D '12';<br>
        </div>
        <div><br>
        </div>
        <div>if ($arr is ['a' =3D&gt; assign to $a, 'b' =3D&gt; assert is=

          equal to $b]) {<br>
        </div>
        <div>=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0 print $a;<br>
        </div>
        <div>}<br>
        </div>
        <div><br>
        </div>
        <div>Based on my research[1], the overwhelming majority of
          languages use a bare variable name to indicate variable
          binding.=C2=A0 Only one language, Ruby, has variable pinning, w=
hich
          it indicates with a ^ prefix.=C2=A0 Following Ruby's lead, as t=
he
          RFC text does right now, would yield:<br>
        </div>
        <div><br>
        </div>
        <div>$b =3D '12';<br>
        </div>
        <div><br>
        </div>
        <div>if ($arr is ['a' =3D&gt; $a, 'b' =3D&gt; ^$b]) {<br>
        </div>
        <div>=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0 print $a;<br>
        </div>
        <div>}<br>
        </div>
        <div><br>
        </div>
        <div>That approach would be most like other languages with
          pattern matching.<br>
        </div>
        <div><br>
        </div>
        <div>However, there is a concern that it wouldn't be
          self-evident to PHP devs, and the variable binding side should
          have the extra marker.=C2=A0 Ilija has suggested &amp;, as that=
's
          what's used for references, which would result in:<br>
        </div>
        <div><br>
        </div>
        <div>$b =3D '12';<br>
        </div>
        <div><br>
        </div>
        <div>if ($arr is ['a' =3D&gt; &amp;$a, 'b' =3D&gt; $b]) {<br>
        </div>
        <div>=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0 print $a;<br>
        </div>
        <div>}<br>
        </div>
        <div><br>
        </div>
        <div>There are two concerns with this approach.<br>
        </div>
        <div><br>
        </div>
        <div>1. The &amp; could get confusing with an AND conjunction,
          eg, `$value is int &amp; &amp;$x` (which is how you would bind
          $value to $x iff it is an integer).<br>
        </div>
        <div>2. In practice, binding is almost certainly going to be
          vastly more common than pinning, so it should likely have the
          shorter syntax.<br>
        </div>
        <div><br>
        </div>
        <div>There are of course other prefixes that could be used, such
          as `let` (introduces a new keyword, possibly confusing as it
          wouldn't imply scope restrictions like in other languages) or
          `var` (no new keyword, but could still be confusing and it's
          not obvious which side should get it), but ^ is probably the
          only single-character option.<br>
        </div>
        <div><br>
        </div>
        <div>So, question:<br>
        </div>
        <div><br>
        </div>
        <div>1. Are you OK with the current Ruby-inspired syntax?=C2=A0 (=
$a
          means bind, ^$b means pin.)<br>
        </div>
        <div>2. If not, have you a counter-proposal that would garner
          consensus?<br>
        </div>
        <div><br>
        </div>
        <div><br>
        </div>
        <div>Thanks all.<br>
        </div>
        <div><br>
        </div>
        <div>[1]=C2=A0<a
href=3D"https://github.com/Crell/php-rfcs/blob/master/pattern-matching/re=
search.md"
            moz-do-not-send=3D"true" class=3D"moz-txt-link-freetext">http=
s://github.com/Crell/php-rfcs/blob/master/pattern-matching/research.md</a=
><br>
        </div>
        <div><br>
        </div>
        <div>--=C2=A0<br>
        </div>
        <div>=C2=A0 Larry Garfield<br>
        </div>
        <div>=C2=A0=C2=A0<a href=3D"mailto:larry@garfieldtech.com"
            moz-do-not-send=3D"true" class=3D"moz-txt-link-freetext">larr=
y@garfieldtech.com</a><br>
        </div>
        <div><br>
        </div>
      </blockquote>
      <div><br>
      </div>
      <div>Hey Larry,<br>
      </div>
      <div><br>
      </div>
      <div>Instead of symbols, why not use words?<br>
      </div>
      <div><br>
      </div>
      <div>We already have &amp;&amp;, but it looks like this uses &amp;
        instead, which is a bitwise-and. But the language does have
        =E2=80=9Cand=E2=80=9D as a keyword. So instead of:<br>
      </div>
      <div><br>
      </div>
      <div>$value is int &amp; &amp;$x<br>
      </div>
      <div><br>
      </div>
      <div>It would be:<br>
      </div>
      <div><br>
      </div>
      <div>$value is int and &amp;$x<br>
      </div>
      <div><br>
      </div>
      <div>Which removes the confusion you mentioned before (also for
        someone like me who uses bitwise-and quite a bit).</div>
      <div><br>
      </div>
      <div id=3D"sig121229152">=E2=80=94 Rob<br>
      </div>
    </blockquote>
    <p>Is it possible to use the already added "is", like:<br>
    </p>
    <pre wrap=3D"" class=3D"moz-quote-pre">$arr is ['a' =3D&gt; $a, 'b' =3D=
&gt; is $b]</pre>
    <p></p>
    <p>Or, to use the already known uniform variable syntax "{$var}",
      like:</p>
    <pre wrap=3D"" class=3D"moz-quote-pre">$arr is ['a' =3D&gt; $a, 'b' =3D=
&gt; {$b}]</pre>
    <p><br>
    </p>
    <p>Best,<br>
      Marc<br>
    </p>
    <p></p>
  </body>
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