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Date: Tue, 27 Nov 2018 12:36:37 -0600
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Subject: Re: [PHP-DEV] [RFC][Discuss] Covariant return- and contravariant parameter- types
From: larry@garfieldtech.com (Larry Garfield)

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On Monday, November 26, 2018 3:25:52 PM CST Levi Morrison wrote:
> I am happy to announce my latest RFC, [Covariant Returns and
> Contravariant Parameters][1], is open for discussion. If you do not
> recognize those terms then hopefully the introduction coupled with the
> [examples][2] will help. Here is one snippet that demonstrates
> covariant return types:
> 
> <?php
> interface Repository {
>   function fetch(int $id): ?Entity;
> }
> 
> class UserFactory implements Repository {
>   function fetch(int $id): ?UserEntity {
>     /* Since UserEntity is an Entity, this is now allowed */
>     /* ... implementation ... */
>   }
> }
> ?>
> 
> Covariant return types and contravariant parameter types are highly
> requested features; here are a few of the bug reports:
> 
>   * https://bugs.php.net/bug.php?id=71825
>   * https://bugs.php.net/bug.php?id=72442
>   * https://bugs.php.net/bug.php?id=75385
>   * https://bugs.php.net/bug.php?id=75823
> 
> There is a [preliminary implementation][3] that is available. It will
> not be rebased during discussion to allow people to check out the code
> and get updates without worrying about it breaking. The code quality
> can definitely be improved, and there are still a few todo comments in
> the code.
> 
> Please do not discuss the items found in [Future Scope][4] as part of
> this thread, which includes discussing types such as `mixed`,
> `scalar`, `numeric`, etc.
> 
> I look forward to your feedback, and especially with your
> experimentation with the implementation.
> 
> Levi Morrison
> 
>   [1]:
> https://wiki.php.net/rfc/covariant-returns-and-contravariant-parameters
> [2]:
> https://wiki.php.net/rfc/covariant-returns-and-contravariant-parameters#exa
> mples [3]:
> https://github.com/php/php-src/compare/master...morrisonlevi:variance2 [4]:
> https://wiki.php.net/rfc/covariant-returns-and-contravariant-parameters#fut
> ure_scope

Looks like fun!

Would this also include allowing a return type of `static`, which would be 
useful for the "Return the object that was invoked" case or "return a new 
instance of the same object" case?  Currently we're limited to `return self`, 
which is, of course, not the same thing and less flexible.

--Larry Garfield

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